| (in millions of euro) | LICENSES AND SOFTWARE | CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2018 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2018 LICENSES AND SOFTWARE201 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2018 CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER503 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2018 TOTAL704 |
| Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2019 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2019 LICENSES AND SOFTWARE244 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2019 CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER557 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2019 TOTAL801 |
| Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2020 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2020LICENSES AND SOFTWARE247 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2020CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER425 | Net carrying amount as of August 31, 2020TOTAL673 |
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment charges, except for land, which is measured at cost less accumulated impairment charges. Cost includes expenditures directly incurred to acquire the asset, and in some cases may also include estimated unavoidable future dismantling, removal and site remediation costs.
Subsequent expenditures are included in the carrying amount of the asset, or recognized as a separate component, if it is probable that the future economic benefits of the expenditures will flow to Sodexo and the cost can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized as expenses during the period in which they are incurred, except costs incurred to improve productivity or extend the useful life of an asset, which are capitalized.
Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their expected useful lives using the component-based approach, taking account of their residual value. The straight-line method of depreciation is regarded as the method that most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in items of property, plant and equipment.
The useful lives generally used by the Group are:
| Buildings | Buildings 20-30 years |
|---|---|
| General fixtures and fittings | General fixtures and fittings 3-10 years |
| Plant and machinery | Plant and machinery 3-8 years |
| Motor vehicles | Motor vehicles 4 years |
| Boats and pontoons (depending on the component) | Boats and pontoons (depending on the component) 5-15 years |
The residual values and useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each period end and, if necessary, adjusted.
The carrying amounts of items of property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment if there is an indication that an item may be subject to impairment.
