Separately acquired intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Intangible assets acquired in connection with a business combination and which can be reliably measured, are controlled by the Group and are separable or arise from a legal or contractual right, are recognized at fair value separately from goodwill. Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment charges.
Intangible assets other than certain trademarks having an indefinite useful life are considered to have finite useful lives, and are amortized by the straight-line method over their expected useful lives:
| Integrated management software | 3-7 years |
|---|---|
| Other software | Other software 3-7 years3-4 years |
| Patents and licenses | Patents and licenses 3-7 years2-10 years |
| Client relationships | Client relationships 3-7 years3-20 years |
| Other intangible assets | Other intangible assets 3-7 years3-20 years |
Acquired trademarks with a finite useful life are generally amortized over a period of less than ten years. Trademarks that the Group considers as having an indefinite useful life (notably based on criteria relating to their durability and brand recognition) are not amortized. The amortization periods for client relationships recognized in connection with business combinations have been set by Management based on the estimated attrition rate for the contracts concerned (with a maximum of 20 years).
The cost of licenses and software recognized in the statement of financial position comprises the costs incurred in acquiring the software and bringing it into use and is amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset.
Subsequent expenditures on intangible assets are capitalized only if they increase the expected future economic benefits associated with the asset to which they relate. Other expenditures are expensed as incurred.
| (in million euros) | LICENSES AND SOFTWARE | CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross value as of September 1, 2021 | Gross value as of September 1, 2021 LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 665 |
Gross value as of September 1, 2021 CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 838 |
Gross value as of September 1, 2021 TOTAL 1,503 |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 97 |
Acquisitions CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 71 |
Acquisitions TOTAL 168 |
| Disposals | Disposals LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (22) |
Disposals CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (40) |
Disposals TOTAL (62) |
| Currency translation adjustment | Currency translation adjustment LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 30 |
Currency translation adjustment CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 97 |
Currency translation adjustment TOTAL 127 |
| Reclassifications | Reclassifications LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (2) |
Reclassifications CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (5) |
Reclassifications TOTAL (7) |
| Change in scope of consolidation | Change in scope of consolidation LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (6) |
Change in scope of consolidation CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 7 |
Change in scope of consolidation TOTAL 1 |
| Other | Other LICENSES AND SOFTWARE — |
Other CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER — |
Other TOTAL — |
| Gross value as of August 31, 2022 | Gross value as of August 31, 2022 LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 762 |
Gross value as of August 31, 2022 CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 967 |
Gross value as of August 31, 2022 TOTAL 1,729 |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 62 |
Acquisitions CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 34 |
Acquisitions TOTAL 96 |
| Disposals | Disposals LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (26) |
Disposals CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (22) |
Disposals TOTAL (48) |
| Currency translation adjustments | Currency translation adjustments LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (12) |
Currency translation adjustments CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (38) |
Currency translation adjustments TOTAL (50) |
| Reclassifications in assets held for sale or for distribution(1) | Reclassifications in assets held for sale or for distribution (1)LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (321) |
Reclassifications in assets held for sale or for distribution (1)CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (200) |
Reclassifications in assets held for sale or for distribution (1)TOTAL (521) |
| Change in scope of consolidation | Change in scope of consolidation LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (8) |
Change in scope of consolidation CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 1 |
Change in scope of consolidation TOTAL (7) |
| Other reclassifications | Other reclassifications LICENSES AND SOFTWARE (3) |
Other reclassifications CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER (43) |
Other reclassifications TOTAL (46) |
| Gross value as of August 31, 2023 | Gross value as of August 31, 2023 LICENSES AND SOFTWARE 453 |
Gross value as of August 31, 2023 CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, TRADEMARKS AND OTHER 700 |
Gross value as of August 31, 2023 TOTAL 1,153 |
(1) The reclassifications made during the period mainly correspond to the reclassification of Benefits & Rewards Services activity (Pluxee) other intangible assets in assets held for sale or for distribution (see note 3.2).
