Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives are tested for impairment if there is any indication of impairment. Impairment losses are recognized in the income statement, and may be reversed subsequently.
Goodwill and other intangible assets considered to have an indefinite useful life (such as certain trademarks acquired) are tested for impairment whenever there is an indication of impairment, and at least annually, in the last quarter of the fiscal year. The results of the impairment tests are then confirmed using actual data as of August 31.
Assets that do not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets, and hence cannot be tested for impairment individually, are grouped together in Cash Generating Units (CGUs).
Impairment tests are performed at the level of the CGU or group of CGUs corresponding to the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored by the Group.
Goodwill is analyzed by operating segment, as reflected in the Group’s organizational structure, which came into effect in the first quarter of Fiscal 2023 (note 4.1):
Goodwill is not tested for impairment at a higher level than the operating segments before aggregation for segment reporting. The assets allocated to each CGU or group of CGUs comprise:
The main indicators that a CGU or group of CGUs may be impaired are a significant decrease in the CGU or group of CGU’s revenues and underlying operating profit or material changes in market trends.
An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement when the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or group of CGUs is greater than its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is the greater of:
The value in use of a CGU or group of CGUs is estimated using after-tax cash flow projections based on business plans and a terminal value calculated by extrapolating data for the final year of the business plan.
Business plans generally cover five years. These plans have been drawn up for each operating segment resulting from the Group’s organizational structure as described in note 4.1.
Management, both at Group and subsidiary levels, prepares underlying profit forecasts on the basis of past performance and expected market trends.
The growth rate used beyond the initial period of the business plans reflects the growth rate of the operating segment concerned, taking into account the geographic regions in which the operating segment conducts business.
Expected future cash flows are discounted at the weighted average cost of capital calculated for the Group. For certain CGUs or groups of CGUs a premium is added to the weighted average cost of capital in order to reflect the greater risk factors affecting certain countries in which the operating segment concerned conducts business.
An impairment loss recognized with respect to a CGU or group of CGUs is allocated initially to reducing the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to that CGU or group of CGUs, and then to reducing the carrying amount of the other assets of the CGU or group of CGUs in proportion to the carrying amount of each asset.
Impairment losses recognized with respect to goodwill cannot be reversed.
Impairment losses recognized with respect to any other asset may only be reversed if there is an indication that the impairment loss is lower or no longer exists. The amount reversed is based on the new estimates of the recoverable amount.
The increased carrying amount of an asset resulting from the reversal of an impairment loss cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined for that asset had no impairment loss been recognized.
